Gross National Happiness - Bhutan


Unlike other countries, Bhutan has very unique philosophy to guide her developmental activities. Bhutan has adopted Gross National Happiness (GNH) rather than  Gross National Product (GNP) to measure the economic growth of country, because the Bhutanese believe the ultimate goal of every developmental activities is happiness of the people.

Gross National Happiness (GNH) is a holistic and sustainable approach to development which balances between material and non-material values with the conviction that humans want to search for happiness. The objective of GNH is to achieve a balanced development in all facets of life which is essential to our happiness. The goal of GNH is happiness. One of several means to achieve this goal is sustainable economic growth. GNH is a unique approach to national and global development.

The concept of Gross National Happiness consists of four pillars: Fair socio-economic development (better education and health), conservation and promotion of a vibrant culture, environmental protection and good governance.
The four pillars are further elaborated in nine domains: psychological well-being, living standard, health, culture, education, community vitality, good governance, balanced time use and ecological integration. In accordance with these nine domains, Bhutan has developed 38 sub-indexes, 72 indicators and 151 variables that are used to define and analyze the happiness of the Bhutanese people.


The concept of GNH is coined by His Majesty the fourth Druk Gyalpo, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. Druk Gyalpo Jigme Singye Wangchuck said that the rich are not always happy while the happy generally considered themselves rich. While conventional development models stressed on economic growth as the ultimate objective, the concept of Gross National Happiness is based on the premise that true development of human society takes place when material and spiritual development occur side by side to complement and reinforce each other.

The fourth Druk Gyalpo emphasized that for Bhutan “Gross National Happiness,” is more important than “Gross National Product.” Thus, Gross National Happiness is now being fleshed out by a wide range of professionals, scholars and agencies across the world.

The philosophy of Gross National Happiness has recently received international recognition and the UN has implemented a resolution “recognizing that the gross domestic product does not adequately reflect the happiness and well-being of people,” and that “the pursuit of happiness is a fundamental human goal”.


Today, almost every developmental activities in the country is guided by the  Gross National Happiness policy. Bhutanese people has achieved many beautiful and amazing things through the help of Gross National Happiness. Visit Bhutan to experience the unique path to happiness not only for present but also for future. 

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